In the process of product design, when we complete the design drawings, what we want to do is to know what we design, whether the appearance conforms to our design concept and whether the structural design is reasonable. In order to meet this demand, we have manufactured handrail plates. Generally speaking, the hand board is one or more functional templates made according to the product appearance or structure diagram. The rationality of the appearance or structure is checked without opening the mold.

手模板制作在整个工业设计系统中占有非常重要的地位。为企业进行外观和结构设计检验，降低产品研发风险，快速将产品推向市场提供了可靠的依据。

Hand template making plays a very important role in the whole industrial design system. It provides a reliable basis for enterprises to carry out appearance and structural design inspection, reduce product R & D risk and quickly bring products to the market.

【1】 手板模型的主要生产方法有数控加工、激光快速成型和小批量生产硅胶复制品。当需要小批量生产时，可以采用硅胶模具或快速模具来实现小批量生产。

【1】 The main production methods of hand model include NC machining, laser rapid prototyping and small batch production of silica gel replicas. When small batch production is required, silica gel mould or rapid mould can be used to realize small batch production.

【2】 手板模型制作功能

【2】 Handboard model making function

1。外观设计检查

1。 Appearance design inspection

手板不仅可见，而且可触摸。它能以实物的形式直接反映设计者的创造力，避免了“画得好看，做得不好看”的弊端。因此，在新产品开发和产品形态评价过程中，手板生产是必不可少的。

The hand board is not only visible, but also touchable. It can directly reflect the creativity of designers in the form of physical objects, and avoid the disadvantages of "good-looking painting but not good-looking doing". Therefore, in the process of new product development and product form evaluation, hand board production is essential.

2.检查结构设计

2. Check the structural design

由于手板可以组装，可以直观地反映结构的合理性和安装的难度。尽早发现和解决问题是很方便的。

Because the hand board can be assembled, it can intuitively reflect the rationality of the structure and the difficulty of installation. It is convenient to find and solve problems as soon as possible.

三.避免直接开模的风险

III Avoid the risk of direct mold opening

由于模具制造成本高，较大的模具价值几十万甚几百万。如果在开模过程中发现结构不合理等问题，损失可想而知。但手工板制造可以避免这种损失，降低开模风险。

Due to the high cost of mold manufacturing, the larger mold is worth hundreds of thousands or even millions. If problems such as unreasonable structure are found during mold opening, the loss can be imagined. However, manual plate manufacturing can avoid this loss and reduce the risk of mold opening.

四。使产品提前上市

Four. Bring products to market in advance

由于手工制作的性，在模具开发前，甚在前期的销售和生产准备工作中，都可以利用手工制作的产品进行宣传，以便尽早占领市场。

Because of the advanced nature of handmade, the handmade products can be propagandize before the development of the mould, even in the early stage of sales and production preparation, so as to occupy the market as early as possible.

【3】 手工模型对产品设计有什么影响？

【3】 What impact does manual model have on product design?

由于模型制作不同于开式模具的加工和成形，仍然存在许多缺点，并会对产品设计带来一定的影响。模型到达后，需要做一些检查，一个是处理检查，另一个是设计检查。

Because model making is different from the processing and forming of open die, there are still many shortcomings, which will have a certain impact on product design. After the model arrives, some checks need to be done, one is processing check, the other is design check.

一.加工检验

I Processing inspection

A.外观模型是否与设计相符，表面处理工艺是否与设计相符，整体效果是否达到预期效果。

A. Whether the appearance model is consistent with the design, whether the surface treatment process is consistent with the design, and whether the overall effect reaches the expected effect.

B、 检查结构模型是否可以装配，是否存在干涉，是否存在设计干涉或模型处理干涉，模型是否与3D一致。

B. Check whether the structural model can be assembled, whether there is interference, whether there is design interference or model processing interference, and whether the model is consistent with 3D.

C.模型参数是否在设计的合理可控范围内？扶手板的制造公差一般在0.5-1.5之间。产品越大，公差越大，钣金件变化越大。因此，有必要在模型制造说明书上做特殊的标记，这些是关键尺寸零件，需要做到位，哪些是匹配尺寸，哪些是需要控制的，都应该清楚标明。

C. Are the model parameters within the reasonable and controllable range of the design? The manufacturing tolerance of handrail plate is generally between 0.5-1.5. The larger the product, the greater the tolerance, and the greater the change of sheet metal parts. Therefore, it is necessary to make special marks on the model manufacturing instructions. These are key size parts that need to be made in place. Which are matching sizes and which need to be controlled should be clearly marked.

D、 如果零件数量有遗漏，不要在那个时候安装机器。如果零件短缺，那就麻烦了。

D. If the number of parts is missing, do not install the machine at that time. If there is a shortage of parts, it will be troublesome.

2.设计检查

2. Design inspection

A.外观模型到手后，应进行设计判断，检查外形是否美观，拆卸件比例是否协调，表面处理是否合理。

A. After the appearance model is obtained, design judgment shall be carried out to check whether the appearance is beautiful, whether the proportion of disassembled parts is coordinated, and whether the surface treatment is reasonable.

B、 结构模型到手后，需要判断装配后是否存在结构设计缺陷，是模型加工引起的，还是结构设计引起的。比如：扣，设计的扣合是0.4，实际装配后很松，所以要确定是模型加工不到位，导致扣合量减少，所以很松，还是扣臂强度太长太弱，需要检测。

B. After the structural model is obtained, it is necessary to judge whether there are structural design defects after assembly, which are caused by model processing or structural design. For example, the designed buckle is 0.4, which is very loose after actual assembly. Therefore, it is necessary to determine whether the model processing is not in place, resulting in the reduction of buckle amount, so it is very loose, or the strength of buckle arm is too long and weak, which needs to be tested.

C、 钣金件需要检测材料的厚度、变形和强度。钣金件加工变形引起的装配问题，是设计中未考虑的加工变形引起的装配问题，或模型厂加工引起的产品变形，也需要检测和考虑。

C. Sheet metal parts need to detect the thickness, deformation and strength of materials. The assembly problem caused by the processing deformation of sheet metal parts is the assembly problem caused by the processing deformation not considered in the design, or the product deformation caused by the processing of the model factory, which also needs to be detected and considered.

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