What is total cost of ownership? For example, the visible part of an iceberg represents the purchase price or purchase cost of the model, while the "huge ice" below the water surface represents the hidden cost. The total cost of ownership is the sum of the two parts. The purchase price plus the extra costs of each step in the supply chain, such as transportation and logistics, inventory, operation, maintenance and parts scrapping.

降低企业定制加工成本的三个关键：质量，一致性，速度。根据制造业扩展合作伙伴关系，公司经常低估成本，调查显示，仅使用购买，不考虑总体拥有成本，可以低估隐性成本20％，推动这一趋势的一个因素是供应链成本可能高于大多数公司的想象。总拥有成本提供了对可见和隐藏成本的更全 面的衡量。

There are three keys to reduce the cost of customized processing: quality, consistency and speed. According to the expansion of partnership in manufacturing industry, companies often underestimate the cost. The survey shows that the hidden cost can be underestimated by 20% only by using the purchase price without considering the total cost of ownership. One factor driving this trend is that the cost of supply chain may be higher than most companies think. Total cost of ownership provides a more comprehensive measure of visible and hidden costs.
            

越来越多的公司开始以关注质量，一致性和准时性能而不仅仅是购买，随着经济收紧，以及近日随着财务在购买决策和产品开发中获得更多影响。由于公司决定在哪里采购或制造零件，因此总体拥有成本也得到了更多的考虑。

More and more companies begin to focus on quality, consistency and punctuality rather than just purchase price. As the economy tightens and recently finance gains more influence in purchase decision-making and product development. As companies decide where to purchase or manufacture parts, total cost of ownership is also given more consideration.

为了有效帮助公司了解采购决策的成本，从劳动力成本到产品质量再到政治和风险，这些额外成本可能包括产品跨越边界的库存协调，运输，关税或关税，供应商在产品质量方面的可靠性问题，以及满足准时交货报价的能力。供应商扩大生产的能力以及与供应商的长期关系。很难完全降低采购产品的每一个要素，但其想法是采用比传统方法更多的措施，更重要的是，你正试图进一步扩展它，并在这些决策中纳入更多措施。

In order to effectively help companies understand the costs of purchasing decisions, from labor costs to product quality to political and security risks, these additional costs may include inventory coordination of products across international borders, transportation, tariffs or duties, reliability of suppliers in terms of product quality, and the ability to meet on-time delivery quotations. Supplier's ability to expand production and long-term relationship with suppliers. It's hard to completely reduce every element of the purchased product, but the idea is to take more measures than traditional methods, and more importantly, you're trying to further expand it and incorporate more measures into these decisions.